Access VBA, like all the VB-based languages, uses a single quote (') or the original class-style basic "REM" (most developers just use a quote). Access VBA does NOT have a multiple line comment. Directives are sometimes called compiler or preprocessor directives. A # is used for directives within Access VBA code. Access VBA offers only an #If..then/#ElseIf/#Else directive.

Same as VB. Access VBA logical operators:

and	and, as in this and that
or	or, as in this or that
Not	Not, as in Not This

Access VBA is a loosely typed language. Declaring variables is optional unless you use the Option Explicit statement to force explicit declaration of all variables with Dim, Private, Public, or ReDim. Using Option Explicit is strongly recommended to avoid incorrectly typing an existing variable and to avoid any confusion about variable scope. Variables declared with Dim at the module level are available to all procedures within the module. At the procedure level, variables are available only within the procedure.

Dim FullName As String
Dim Age As Integer
Dim Weight As Double

FullName = "Mike Prestwood"

Age = 32

Weight = 154.4

'Declaritive assignment not supported:

''Dim Married As String = "Y"   '>>>Not supported.

Languages Focus: End of Statement

In coding languages, common End of statement specifiers include a semicolon and return (others exist too). Also of concern when studying a language is can you put two statements on a single code line and can you break a single statement into two or more code lines.

Response.Write("Hello1")
Response.Write("Hello2")
Response.Write("Hello3")
 
'The following commented code on a single line does not work...
' Response.Write("Hello4")  Response.Write("Hello5")
 
'Two or more lines works too with a space+underscore:
Response.Write _
  ("Hello6")

Use a destructor to free unmanaged resources. A destructor is a method with the same name as the class but preceded with a tilde (as in ~ClassName). The destructor implicity creates an Object.Finalize method (you cannot directly call nor override the Object.Finalize method).

In C# you cannot explicitly destroy an object. Instead, the .Net Frameworks garbage collector (GC) takes care of destroying all objects. The GC destroys the objects only when necessary. Some situations of necessity are when memory is exhausted or you explicitly call the System.GC.Collect method. In general, you never need to call  System.GC.Collect.

C# uses a semicolon ";" as an end of statement specifier and you can put multiple statements on a single line of code if you wish as well as split a single statement into two or more code lines.

Console.WriteLine("Hello1");
Console.WriteLine("Hello2");  
Console.WriteLine("Hello3");
 
//Same line works too:
Console.WriteLine("Hello4");  Console.WriteLine("Hello5");

//Two or more lines works too: 
Console.

  WriteLine
    ("Hello6");

By Scott Wiltamuth and Anders Hejlsberg

This document describes the syntax, semantics, and design of the C# programming language.

C++ supports both multiple implementation inheritance and multiple interface inheritance.

Can you use native code in a C++/CLI application to increase speed?

Yes, that's one of the big advantages of using C++/CLI over C#. Although you can also call unmanaged code from within C#, support for native objects is built into C++/CLI.

I was telling to a friend how impressed I was with the performance of Paint .NET (a free .NET desktop graphics program), and he remarked the the only reason it could peform so well was because it made extensive use of an unmanaged graphics code library.

Q. I've updated my BDE from version 5.01 to version 5.2.0.2 but the About BDE Administrator dialog still shows version 5.01?

A. Your update may have taken. Updates typically just replace the DLLs the BDE uses so you may have the latest installed.

Version Information
To see what version of the BDE engine you "actually" have installed, you need to look at the Version Information from within the BDE Administrator. Select Object | Version Information... to see the DLL version numbers

According to Microsoft, "PowerCommands is a set of useful extensions for the Visual Studio 2008 adding additional functionality to various areas of the IDE. The source code is included and requires the VS SDK for VS 2008 to allow modification of functionality or as a reference to create additional custom PowerCommand extensions. "

If you've previously worked with Delphi and GExperts, you know how helpful some extensions to your IDE can be.

This free download, from Microsoft, adds some really useful functionality to the VS2008 IDE.  Check it out.

In general terms, managed .Net code is a little more portable (will run on any platform with the correct CLR installed) and is easier to write. However, managed code may run slower and require more system resources.

The following selects all the records in Table1 where IDField is not in Table2.

SELECT Table1.*
FROM Table1 

LEFT JOIN Table2 ON Table1.IDField = Table2.IDField
WHERE Table2.IDField is null

Microsoft's free download tool for managing MS SQL 2005 databases.

Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio Express (SSMSE) is a free, graphical management tool for managing SQL Server 2005 databases.

Available editions:

• Win32
• Win64 (x64)

Lots here!  MySQL has made available on-demand web seminars. They are recorded replays of our their live more popular web seminars and cover a wide range of topics. You will have to register but well worth it if you use MySQL.

New virus targets old versions of Delphi but not the applications developed with Delphi and not the current Delphi versions, just Delphi itself. I detest the jerks that write viruses and other forms of malware.  But this one really gets my goat generally because it was a virus that targeted my favorite best-of-breed development tool and specifically because ZDNet reported the problem in a way that implies it targets applications developed by Delphi. Despite ZDNet's tag line, the virus targets old versions of Delphi (4, 5, 6, and 7) but not the applications developed with Delphi and not the current Delphi versions. I sure hope the way ZDNet chose to report this issue doesn't hurt Embarcadero, the owner of Delphi, because of a virus that attacks pre-Embarcadero versions of Delphi.

Delphi also offers a try...finally where code will execute in the finally section no matter what. It's common to put a try...except inside a try...finally:

var
  y : Double;
begin
  try
    y := 0;
    y := (1/y);
    ShowMessage(FloatToStr(y));
  except
    ShowMessage('You cannot divide by zero.');
  end;
end;

Lots here!  Delphi TV is part of CodeGear's developer network. Contains both audios and videos.

What is a sealed class?

A class which prevents another class from inheriting from it and/or prevents another class from overriding a member. The concept of making sure a class is the last class in a descendant class tree.

Examples - /ASPSuite/KB/CrossRef.asp?LangID=&ToLangID=&CatID=10&SyntaxID=4

The Java compiler automatically inlines when it determines  a benefit. The use of final methods is considered a compiler hint to tell the compiler to inline the method if beneficial.

Eclipse (although it can be used for and has many other plugins for other languages) is a widely supported, open-source, free, IDE for creating Java applications; whether they be small one-off programs or enterprise wide systems.

JavaScript logical operators:

and, &&	and, as in this and that
or, ||	or, as in this or that
!, Not	Not, as in Not This

//Given expressions a, b, c, and d:

if !((a && b) && (c || d)) {

  //Do something.

}

• Terminating JavaScript command lines in semicolons is optional; in C it's mandatory. Recommended practice is to use them religiously in both languages (and Java as well).
• Both JavaScript and C are case-sensitive; 'doThis' is different from 'DOTHIS'. Experienced programmers learn to love this feature, which drives beginners nuts.
• Both JavaScript and C are block-structured computer languages and employ curly brackets -- '{' and '}' -- to delimit blocks.
• Both JavaScript and C employ quotation -- enclosure in single or double quote marks -- to designate text strings.
• Arrays in both JavaScript and C are zero-based; the first element is myArray[0], not myArray[1].
• Both JavaScript and C employ '==' for comparison, '=' for equality, and '!' for negation. In fact the set of JavaScript operators is essentially borrowed from C (right down to the deprecated ternary construct a ? b : c).
• Both JavaScript and C employ the symbols /* to designate a comment */. JavaScript also permits the use of '//' for short comments, as in C++.

Finally, JavaScript's statements are a strict subset of C++'s, offering a smaller selection of identical looping and conditional constructs.

This chapter will introduce you to creating both menus and pop-up menus. If you are going to create an application-wide menu, then I strongly recommend you use Paradox’s Application Framework. This chapter will instruct you how to create menus for non-Application Framework applications and pop-up menus you can use with both.

By Reference or Value (and by constant)
The default for parameters is by value. For by reference, add var in front of the parameter. ObjectPAL also offers constant parameters where you add const in front of the parameter. A constant parameter is like a read-only parameter the compiler can optimize. You cannot assign a value to a constant parameter.

method cmCode(s String) ;...s is by value.
endMethod
  

method pushButton(var eventInfo Event)

  ;...eventInfo is by reference.
endMethod

method cmCode(Const s String)

  ;...s is a constant read-only parameter.
endMethod
   
proc cpNever() String
  return "Never duplicate a line of code!"
endProc

Lots to download here including support files, chapter PDFs, sample applications, and more.

Lots to download here including support files, chapter PDFs, sample applications, and more.

Paradox 11 with SP2 applied ships with WordPerfect Office X3 Professional Edition. There are two ways to get the current Paradox, buy the WPO Pro Edition (X2, X3, etc.) or buy a license directly from Corel.

System requirements

	Windows® Vista (Home Basic, Home Premium, Ultimate, Business 32 bit and Business 64 bit Edition with latest SP and Critical Updates)*, Windows® XP (Home, Media or Professional Edition with latest SP and Critical Updates), Windows® 2000 (with latest Critical Updates) or Windows® 98 SE (with latest Critical Updates)
	128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended)
	466 MHZ (Pentium® III or equivalent processor recommended)
	450 MB hard disk space for minimum installation
	Super VGA, 16-bit color monitor with 800 x 600 or greater resolution
	CD-ROM drive
	Mouse or Tablet

*Paradox and the SDK (software development kit), included in the Professional Edition, will be updated for Windows® Vista at a later date.

[answered by Mike Prestwood] Paradox version 11 shipped with WPO X2 and Paradox 11 with SP2 ships with WPO X3 and WPO X4. Paradox 11 is essentially the same as Paradox 10 with NO NEW features (minor defects and compatibility issues were resolved). There is no Paradox 12, 13, or 14. Currently Corel states that Paradox is in maintenance mode (meaning no new features are planned).

As for your Paradox 9 forms, you can simply resave them and/or redeliver them in the new version. If you used the Application Framework in 9, it's not in 10 nor 11 so you have some work to do.

Perl is a loosely typed language with only three types of variables: scalars, arrays, and hashes. Use $ for a scalar variable, @ for an array, or % for a hash (an associative array). The scalar variable type is used for anytype of simple data such as strings, integers, and numbers. In Perl, you identify and use a variable with a $ even within strings

A short 10 minute Perl primer. Get started in Perl now!

An operation with only one operand (a single input). The following are the Perl unary operators: !, -, ~, +,�\, &, and *.

• ! performs logical negation which is "not"
• - performs arithmetic negation if the operand is numeric.
• ~ performs bitwise negation, that is 1's complement.
• + has no semantic effect whatsoever, even on strings.
• \ creates a reference to whatsoever follows.
• & Address of operator.
• * Dereference address operator.

PHP is a loosely typed language. No variable types in PHP. Declaring and using variables are a bit different than in other languages. In PHP, you identify and use a variable with a $ even within strings!

You assign by reference with & as in &$MyVar.

PHP uses functions and loosely typed parameters. Function definitions can come before or after their usage so my preference when mixing PHP in with a mostly HTML page is to put the functions after the </html> tag.

function sayHello($pName) {
 echo "Hello " . $pName . "<br>";
}

function add($p1, $p2) {
 return $p1 + $p2;
}

What's new with Delphi for PHP 2.0 by Nick Hodges (Delphi for PHP product manager).

The Prestwood Online Community rules and disclaimers. Essentially, our policies all center around be-friendly, don't flame, encourage more discussion, and limit advertising to approved areas.

Like Delphi, Prism supports overloading. However, Prism supports implicit overloading (no need for an overload keyword).

In Prism you can set the visibility of a member field to any visibility: private, protected, public, assembly and protected or assembly or protected. Prism supports the readonly modifier for member fields which is handy for constant like data. In this case, I chose not to preface my read-only member field with "F" so it's usage is just like a read-only property. Prism also support the class modifier (static data) for member fields. Delphi developers should notice the use of := to initialize a member field (in Delphi you use an =).

In Prism, you define constants similar to how you define variables but use the Const keyword instead of the Var keyword. Specifying the type is optional. If you don't specify the type, the compiler chooses the most appropriate type for you.

Declare class constants as part of the class definitions. Declare local constants above the begin..end. Although Prism support inline variables, inline constants are not supported.

//Specified type:
const
  kFeetToMeter: Double = 3.2808; 

  kMeterToFeet: Double = .3048; 

  kName: String = "Mike";
 
//Unspecified type:

const kPIShort = 3.14;

A Delphi Prism implementation of the Delphi for Win32 RTL.

Comprehensive introduction by Christian Stelzmann.

What is the difference between a partial method and an abstract method?

Both are very similar in usage. However, a partial method is a callable empty method whereas an abstract method is a defined method in a parent class that must be implemented in a child class. Contrast this with a partial method which can be implemented in a child class but does not have to be. Partial methods are common with code generators for managing events.

For a particular user on a particular computer, all programs installed for all users will still be available whether they log into their computer or the domain. You will have to migrate all other user specific settings either manually or use an automated tool.

Both of which are incomplete so expect to have to manually migrate some application specific settings and data for each user. At a minimum, log into the old local account and migrate My Documents, Desktop, Favorites, and perhaps e-mail such as the Outlook .PST or Outlook Express .DBX files.

What is the best way to share addresses in Exchange Server 2003?

Create a Contacts folder in Public Folders.  All a user will need to do is browse to the Public Folders section, go to properties, and check the box under Outlook Address Book tab.

Public folders have inverse permissions from individual Mailboxes.  A mailbox has initial permissions granting access only to its owner.  The owner may elect to open up permissions, allowing others to see various folders within his mailbox.   Public folders are born with full access granted to everyone.  The creator of the public folder can then tighten down access permissions as appropriate.

A large set of technical writing work have grown up and it has started spanning across several domains. Documentation is strictly a requirement by most of the companies when we look at information management techniques as a whole. Over a period of time, the documentation changes need to be tracked and verified including the release changes and changes in development/API. Technical writing is not just limited to software or hardware or products as such. It is existing across several domains. Let us try to understand the various domains in which technical writing offers it role.

Commenting Code
VB Classic, like all the VB-based languages, uses a single quote (') or the original class-style basic "REM" (most developers just use a quote). VB Classic does NOT have a multiple line comment.

Directives - #

Directives are sometimes called compiler or preprocessor directives. A # is used for directives within VB Classic code. VB Classic offers only an #If..then/#ElseIf/#Else directive.

VB Classic logical operators:

and	and, as in this and that
or	or, as in this or that
Not	Not, as in Not This

VB6 has limited support for interfaces. You can create an interface of abstract methods and properties and then implement them in one or more descendant classes. It's a single level implementation though (you cannot inherit beyond that). The parent interface class is a pure abstract class (all methods and properites are abstract, you cannot implement any of them in the parent class).

In the single level descendant class, you have to implement all methods and properties and you cannot add any. Your first line of code is Implements InterfaceName.

 A sub named New. You can overload the constructor simply by adding two or more New subs with various parameters.

Public Class Cyborg
  Public CyborgName As String

  Public Sub New(ByVal pName As String)
    CyborgName = pName
  End Sub
End Class

With VB.Net you define an interface with the Interface keyword and use it in a class with the Implements keyword. In the resulting class, you implement each property and method and add Implements Interface.Object to each as in:

Sub Speak(ByVal pSentence As String) Implements IHuman.Speak

  MessageBox.Show(pSentence)

End Sub

By Reference or Value
For parameters, you can optionally specify ByVal or ByRef. ByVal is the default if you don't specify which is changed from VB Classic (in VB Classic, ByRef was the default).

Private Function Add(ByRef a As Integer, _
  ByRef b As Integer) As Integer
  Add = a + b
End Function

This article is a basic introduction to HTML authoring.

Get rid of the boring default icon on your website.  Add a custom icon!  Most browsers support .ico and the most popular ones will show any standard web image. 

Follow this easy step by step to add one to your web page or site.

Example: This is Prestwood.com's icon. 

Images must be 16x16 pixels.  I use GIMP to create mine.

Normally, save as a .ico file in the root of your site or in any unsecured folder.  I usually put them in "/images", and I usually name it favicon.ico or favicon.gif.

Add this to the header section of your AJAX Master page or any aspx/htm/html/shtml page.

<link REL="SHORTCUT ICON" HREF="/images/favicon.gif">

Some browsers even support ANIMATED gifs.

You should be aware of the benefits of using PNG images. This short article is a great overview. Although here at Prestwood we use and recommend using GIFs and JPGS because of compatiblity with older browsers and you can animate GIFs. However, this compatibility issue will likely go away in the coming years and we too may switch to PNG images at that time.

Should I use GIF or PNG images on my website?

Although the PNG format is slightly superior to the GIF format, GIF is more compatible with older browsers so we are currently recommending you use GIF images. That's the quick answer. However, there are issues so if you wish to use PNG images, read up about it to understand it's pros and cons.

This is our proper netiquette page. You are welcome to use it for your website. You can link to it or copy the content over to your website. If you copy it, you will most likely want to update it a bit as it's pretty specific to our website.

Convert to PDF from any application by simply 'printing' to the PrimoPDF printer - it couldn't be easier! Within minutes, you can create high-quality PDFs by converting from Word, Excel, and virtually any other printable file type.

• Completely FREE PDF Converter - not just a trial version.
• Print to PDF from virtually any Windows application.
• Create PDF output optmized for print, screen, ebook, or prepress.
• No annoying pop-up ads, no registration requirement - no catch!
• High-quality, easy to use PDF creator for all users.
• New! Ability to merge PDF files upon conversion.
• New! Now supports Windows Vista.

This is the PDF creating tool we use here at Prestwood software!

Free software from Microsoft?  For Vista?

You bet. Check this link for many titles.

For similar XP offerings, see the link below.

In Vista Professional and above, Offline Files is now a Control Panel applet. Go to your control panel, open the Offline Files applet and click the Enable Offline Files button. Offline Files is NOT available in Vista Home Edition nor is it availble in Windows XP Home Edition.

In Windows XP, Offline Files is part of the Folder Options. To enable Offline Files in XP:

1. Click Start, and thin click My Computer.
2. On the Tools menu, click Folder Options
3. Click the Offline Files tab.
4. Select the Enable Offline Files check box, and then clock OK.