Same as VB. Access VBA logical operators:

and	and, as in this and that
or	or, as in this or that
Not	Not, as in Not This

Access VBA, like all the VB-based languages, uses a single quote (') or the original class-style basic "REM" (most developers just use a quote). Access VBA does NOT have a multiple line comment. Directives are sometimes called compiler or preprocessor directives. A # is used for directives within Access VBA code. Access VBA offers only an #If..then/#ElseIf/#Else directive.

'Single line comment.
 

REM Old school single line comment.
 
#If MyDirective Then
  '...some code.
#End If

Ultra-primitive (no inheritance) but useful and encourages you to think and design using objects.

ASP classic uses the property keyword and special Get and Let methods to both get and set the values of properties.

Class Cyborg
 Private FCyborgName
 
 Public Property Get CyborgName()
  CyborgName = FCyborgName
 End Property

 Public Property Let CyborgName(pCyborgName)
  FCyborgName = pCyborgName
 End Property

End Class

In C#, a constructor is called whenever a class or struct is created. A constructor is a method with the same name as the class with no return value and you can overload the constructor. If you do not create a constructor, C# will create an implicit constructor that initializes all member fields to their default values.

Constructors can execute at two different times. Static constructors are executed by the CLR before any objects are instantiated. Regular constructors are executed when you create an object.

C# uses the keyword partial to specify a partial class. All parts must be in the same namespace.

A partial class, or partial type, is a class that can be split into two or more source code files and/or two or more locations within the same source file. Each partial class is known as a class part or just a part. Logically, partial classes do not make any difference to the compiler. The compiler puts the class together at compile time and treats the final class or type as a single entity exactly the same as if all the source code was in a single location.

You can use them for many things including to separate code generator code, organize large classes, divice a class up so you can split ownwership among multiple developers, have different versions of the same class, and to utilize multiple languages with a single class.

In C#, parens indicate a method and the lack of parens indicate a property. You use special get and set methods to both get and set the values of properties. For a read-only property, leave out the set method. The value keyword is used to refer to the member field. Properties can make use of any of the access modifiers (private, protected, etc). It is common to use a lowercase member names for member fields ("name" in our example) and uppercase properties to manage member fields ("Name" in our example).

public class Cyborg : System.Object
{
  private string cyborgName;

 
  public string CyborgName
  {
    get {return cyborgName;}
    set {cyborgName = value;}
  }
}

By Scott Wiltamuth and Anders Hejlsberg

This document describes the syntax, semantics, and design of the C# programming language.

Variable names are case sensitive. The fundamental variable types in C++ are char, short int, int, long int, bool, float, double, long double, and wchar_t. The integer data types char, short, long and int can be either signed or unsigned. Signed variables are positive and negative. Unsigned variables are positive only.

C++, Java, and C# all use C-like variable declaration.

int Age;

int Age = 43;

float a, b, c;

string FullName; //#include 

unsigned short int FamilyMemberCount;

Can you use native code in a C++/CLI application to increase speed?

Yes, that's one of the big advantages of using C++/CLI over C#. Although you can also call unmanaged code from within C#, support for native objects is built into C++/CLI.

I was telling to a friend how impressed I was with the performance of Paint .NET (a free .NET desktop graphics program), and he remarked the the only reason it could peform so well was because it made extensive use of an unmanaged graphics code library.

The concept of a class makes it possible to define subclasses that share some or all of the main class characteristics. This is called inheritance. Inheritance also allows you to reuse code more efficiently. In a class tree, inheritance is used to design classes vertically. (You can use Interfaces to design classes horizontally within a class tree.) With inheritance, you are defining an "is-a" relationship (i.e. a chow is-a dog). Analysts using UML call this generalization where you generalize specific classes into general parent classes.

In general terms, managed .Net code is a little more portable (will run on any platform with the correct CLR installed) and is easier to write. However, managed code may run slower and require more system resources.

The following selects all the records in Table1 where IDField is not in Table2.

SELECT Table1.*
FROM Table1 

LEFT JOIN Table2 ON Table1.IDField = Table2.IDField
WHERE Table2.IDField is null

Microsoft's free download tool for managing MS SQL 2005 databases.

Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio Express (SSMSE) is a free, graphical management tool for managing SQL Server 2005 databases.

Available editions:

• Win32
• Win64 (x64)

Maintained by Bill Todd. The Database Group specialized in Delphi & Interbase. In the past, Bill Todd was a Paradox guru and has authored many articles on Paradox, Delphi, and Interbase and co-authored several books. He was a consistent presenter at the various BorCons and a frequent contributer to the Paradox Informant and Delphi Informant.

Although Bill speciales in several areas, I posted this link to the Interbase topic because my belief is that Bill specializes in Interbase a bit more than the other areas.

You can record a series of keystrokes to be played back for quick changes in code. Use Ctrl+Shift + R to begin recording, Ctrl+Shift+R again to stop the recording, then Ctrl+Shift+P to play recording.

Delphi allows you to extend an existing class without using inheritance. Buggy in 2005 and not officially supported but stable and usable in 2006 and above. You declare a class helper similiar to how you declare a class but use the keywords class helper for.

• You can name a helper anything.
• Helpers have access only to public members of the class.
• You cannot create an object instance directly from a class helper.
• self refers to the class being helped.

Delphi for Win32 supports abstract class members using the abstract keyword. You can even instantiate instances of a class that contains abstract members. Then you override each abstract member in a descendant class with Override. Delphi does not support setting an entire class as abstract. You can create an abstract class (a class with one or more abstract methods), but there is no way to tell the compiler to not allow the instantiation of the abstract class. Delphi does not support abstract member properties directly. To implement an abstract properity, make use of abstract methods. That is, you can read a GetPropertyX abstract function and write to a SetPropertyX abstract procedure. In effect, creating  an abstract property.

TCyborg = class(TObject)
public
  procedure Speak(pMessage: String); virtual; abstract;
  procedure Walk; abstract;
end;

TSeries600 = class(TCyborg)
public
  procedure Speak(pMessage: String); override;
  procedure Walk; override;
end;

Here you will find blogs from David I, Nick Hodges (Delphi Product Manager), and many other notable Delphi enthusiasts.

Use the public methods ForegroundColor and BackgroundColor. For example, in the OnChange event of a ColorGrid component you could do the following:

procedure TForm1.ColorGrid1Change(Sender: TObject); 

begin

   Edit1.Font.Color := ColorGrid1.ForegroundColor;

   Edit1.Color := ColorGrid1.BackgroundColor;

end;

None of the components on the "Samples" page are documented.

An associative array links a set of keys to a set of values. In Java, associative arrays are implemented as Maps.

This will print "Arizona."

import java.util.*;

public class Maps 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        Map states = new HashMap();
        
        states.put("CA", "California");
        states.put("FL", "Florida");
        states.put("AZ", "Arizona");

        System.out.println(states.get("AZ"));
    }
}

Eclipse (although it can be used for and has many other plugins for other languages) is a widely supported, open-source, free, IDE for creating Java applications; whether they be small one-off programs or enterprise wide systems.

Above returns "Mike P".

SubStr(StartIndex, NumberOfCharacters)

Notice JavaScript is 0 based (the first character is character 0).�0 is start character, 6 is number�of characters).�

You can also use substring where both numbers are indexes:

SubString(StartIndex, EndIndex)

The following returns "re".

var sName;
sName = "Mike Prestwood";
sName = sName.substring(6, 8);
document.write(sName); 

var sName;
sName = "Mike Prestwood";
sName = sName.substr(0, 6);
document.write("Hello " + sName);

• Terminating JavaScript command lines in semicolons is optional; in C it's mandatory. Recommended practice is to use them religiously in both languages (and Java as well).
• Both JavaScript and C are case-sensitive; 'doThis' is different from 'DOTHIS'. Experienced programmers learn to love this feature, which drives beginners nuts.
• Both JavaScript and C are block-structured computer languages and employ curly brackets -- '{' and '}' -- to delimit blocks.
• Both JavaScript and C employ quotation -- enclosure in single or double quote marks -- to designate text strings.
• Arrays in both JavaScript and C are zero-based; the first element is myArray[0], not myArray[1].
• Both JavaScript and C employ '==' for comparison, '=' for equality, and '!' for negation. In fact the set of JavaScript operators is essentially borrowed from C (right down to the deprecated ternary construct a ? b : c).
• Both JavaScript and C employ the symbols /* to designate a comment */. JavaScript also permits the use of '//' for short comments, as in C++.

Finally, JavaScript's statements are a strict subset of C++'s, offering a smaller selection of identical looping and conditional constructs.

Use a file server (not a workstation) to store your data, disable Oplocks on the filer server, and configure the BDE (local share to true and optimize if desired). Finally, if workstations are crashing, fix em so they don't. You want clean running computers that don't crash.

Be Your Own Expert! Form building techniques.

ObjectPAL logical operators:

and	and, as in this and that
or	or, as in this or that
Not	Not, as in Not This

;Given expressions a, b, c, and d:

if Not (a and b) and (c or d) then

  ;Do something.

endIf

Home of ChimneySweep, "the" replacement for Table Repair for those that need to automate the repair of multiple paradox tables. Here at Prestwood Software we have recommended ChimneySweep many times.

No. Actually Paradox 7 "table structure" is the latest very flexible table structure. The only table structures are 1...3.x, 4.x, 5, and 7. No such thing as a Paradox 9 or 10 or 13 table structure.

List of Perl operators.

A short 10 minute Perl primer. Get started in Perl now!

Perl assignment operators:

=	Assignment	$x = 8;
+=	Addition	$x += 8;
-=	Substraction	$x -= 8;
*=	Muliplication	$x *= 8;
/=	Division	$x /= 8;
%=	Modulus	$x %= 8;
**=	Exponent	$x **= 8;

$FullName = "Randy Spitz";
$Age = 38;

PHP uses functions and loosely typed parameters. Function definitions can come before or after their usage so my preference when mixing PHP in with a mostly HTML page is to put the functions after the </html> tag.

PHP uses a period (.) known as a dot to concatenate strings.

$fname = "Mike";
$lname = "Prestwood";

$fullname = $fname . $lname . "<br>";

echo "My name is " . "Mike.<br>";

What's new with Delphi for PHP 2.0 by Nick Hodges (Delphi for PHP product manager).

Like Delphi, Prism supports overloading. However, Prism supports implicit overloading (no need for an overload keyword).

Prism supports both partial classes and partial methods using the keyword partial. A partial method is an empty method defined in a partial class.

Prism uses unnamed constructor methods for constructors. Prism also supports a Create constructor method for backward compatibility with Delphi for Win32.

Cyborg = public class
public
  constructor();
  constructor(pName: String);
end;

A Delphi Prism implementation of the Delphi for Win32 RTL.

Comprehensive introduction by Christian Stelzmann.

What is the difference between a partial method and an abstract method?

Both are very similar in usage. However, a partial method is a callable empty method whereas an abstract method is a defined method in a parent class that must be implemented in a child class. Contrast this with a partial method which can be implemented in a child class but does not have to be. Partial methods are common with code generators for managing events.

Software that allows you to burn a .ISO image to CD on Windows XP or Vista and to DVD on Vista. Free and very easy to use (right click on image and select Copy Image to CD.

A large set of technical writing work have grown up and it has started spanning across several domains. Documentation is strictly a requirement by most of the companies when we look at information management techniques as a whole. Over a period of time, the documentation changes need to be tracked and verified including the release changes and changes in development/API. Technical writing is not just limited to software or hardware or products as such. It is existing across several domains. Let us try to understand the various domains in which technical writing offers it role.

VB Classic logical operators:

and	and, as in this and that
or	or, as in this or that
Not	Not, as in Not This

Commenting Code
VB Classic, like all the VB-based languages, uses a single quote (') or the original class-style basic "REM" (most developers just use a quote). VB Classic does NOT have a multiple line comment.

Directives - #

Directives are sometimes called compiler or preprocessor directives. A # is used for directives within VB Classic code. VB Classic offers only an #If..then/#ElseIf/#Else directive.

'Single line comment.
 

REM Old school single line comment.
 
#If MyDirective Then
  '...some code.
#End If

With VB.Net you define an interface with the Interface keyword and use it in a class with the Implements keyword. In the resulting class, you implement each property and method and add Implements Interface.Object to each as in:

Sub Speak(ByVal pSentence As String) Implements IHuman.Speak

  MessageBox.Show(pSentence)

End Sub

VB.Net supports both partial classes and partial methods.

VB.Net uses a special property keyword along with special get and set methods to both get and set the values of properties. For a read-only property, leave out the set method. The value keyword is used to refer to the member field. Properties can make use of any of the access modifiers (private, protected, etc).

My preference for VB.Net code is to start member fields with "F" ("FName" in our example) and drop the "F" with properties that manage member fields ("Name" in our example).

Public Class Cyborg
  Private FCyborgName As String

  Public Property CyborgName()
    Get
      Return FCyborgName
    End Get

 
    Set(ByVal value)
      FCyborgName = value
    End Set
  End Property 

End Class

There is a way to configure your ASP.NET website with one configuration for your internal development environment and another for your online website - and still be able to publish your site without hand editing the web.config.

Get rid of the boring default icon on your website.  Add a custom icon!  Most browsers support .ico and the most popular ones will show any standard web image. 

Follow this easy step by step to add one to your web page or site.

Example: This is Prestwood.com's icon. 

Images must be 16x16 pixels.  I use GIMP to create mine.

Normally, save as a .ico file in the root of your site or in any unsecured folder.  I usually put them in "/images", and I usually name it favicon.ico or favicon.gif.

Add this to the header section of your AJAX Master page or any aspx/htm/html/shtml page.

<link REL="SHORTCUT ICON" HREF="/images/favicon.gif">

Some browsers even support ANIMATED gifs.

You should be aware of the benefits of using PNG images. This short article is a great overview. Although here at Prestwood we use and recommend using GIFs and JPGS because of compatiblity with older browsers and you can animate GIFs. However, this compatibility issue will likely go away in the coming years and we too may switch to PNG images at that time.

As of early 2008, we test each website we build with the latest release of Internet Explorer, FireFox, and Safari. Sometimes we also include Opera but not usually. Also, if desired, we sometimes test with older versions of browsers but not usually. The minimum resolution we test "regular" websites is 1024x768 (and higher). We no longer support 800x600.

This is our proper netiquette page. You are welcome to use it for your website. You can link to it or copy the content over to your website. If you copy it, you will most likely want to update it a bit as it's pretty specific to our website.

Free software from Microsoft?  For Vista?

You bet. Check this link for many titles.

For similar XP offerings, see the link below.

If you intend to use it ONLY for ReadyBoost, the current limit ReadyBoost will use as of early 2008 is 4 GB. Another guideline you could use is that Microsoft is currently recommending a ReadyBoost cache size of 1 to 3 times your RAM. So, if you have 1 GB or RAM, they recommend a 1 to 3 GB ReadyBoost cache.